Pump, engine, and the like



De.13,193s. LGSAVAGE 2,139,856

PUMP, ENGINE, AND THE ISIKE I Fi led Feb. 26, 1957 3 e ts-She t 1 I Dec. 13, 1938. L, G SAVAGE 2,139,856

PUMP, ENGINE, AND THE LIKE Filed Feb. 26, 193'? 5 e s-S et 2 4 JWVENTO/B Dec. 13, 1938. L, G, SAVAGE 2,139,856

BUMP, ENGINE, AND THE LIKE Filed Feb. 26, 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 JIM/W018 ll E 1.5a va 0e Patented Dec. 13, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PUllIP, ENGINE, AND THE LIKE.

Leonard George Savage, South Farnbcrough,

England Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in displacement pumps, engines, and the like for displacing gases or liquids.

One of the particular objects of the present 5 invention is to provide a rotary fluid displacement mechanism employing internal vanes each comprising a shaped surface forming at least the outer half of one side of the vane and an abutting portion on each vane adapted to coact slidingly with substantially the whole of the shaped surface of the next adjacent vane whereby the volume of the fluid chambers successively formed by coacting vanes may be reduced from a maximum to substantially zero.

Another object of my invention is to provide a rotary fluid displacement mechanism wherein the shaped surface of each vane forms substantially an entire side of said vane, each vane having an abutting portion which may be formed by the inner end of said vane, which abutting portion coacts slidingly with substantially the whole of the shaped surface for varying the volume of the fluid chambers between maximum and substantially zero.

As a further object, the invention seeks to provide structure of this character wherein coaction between adjacent vanes will take place whereby the induction and exhaust periods of each fluid compartment may correspond to more than half a revolution of the crank device relative to the casing.

The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation showing one form of pump;

Figure 2 is a similar view of a modified construction of pump;

Figure 3 is a section taken on the line 33 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of a modified form of pump taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 5; and

Figure 5 is a sectional side elevation on the line 5-5 of Figure 4.

In a casing l the outer portion 2 of a vane is free to oscillate about a fixed fulcrum. The inner portion 4 of the vane is articulated at 5 to the outer portion 2 of the vane. The vane portion 4 is connected by a bearing 6 to a crankpin 8 of a crank 9. As the roots of all the vane parts 4 are attached to the crankpin at a common point, they may be hinged or articulated in such a manner that all the vanes are co-planar and make contact with both ends of the casing. Ports or valves I 0 are provided for each compartment formed between adjacent vanes at the periphery of the casing l, and similar ports or valves H are provided in the end covers or in other suitable position so disposed that they may be covered or uncovered by the vanes 2 and 4 during motion. Depending on the direction of rotation of the crank with respect to the casing, the ports or valves Ill and Il may form either the inlet or outlet ports or valves.

In the operation of the arrangement illustrated in Figure 1, rotation of the crankpin 8 in a clockwise direction from the position shown causes the outer portion of the vanes 2 successively to cover the ports or valves l l and compress the fluid between adjacent pairs of the inner portion of the vanes l until it has been compressed and transferred to the space bounded by adjacent pairs of the outer portions of the vanes 2. At this point also the articulation [2 of the left hand outer vanes associates with the shaped surfaces l3 of the right hand outer vanes (speaking relative to one compartment) making a fluid seal therewith. Continued motion of the crank in a clockwise direction compresses the fluid and delivers it through the valve ii] at the periphery of the casing. In the meanwhile, the space bounded by adjacent pairs of the inner vanes is increasing and continued movement uncovers the ports It so that fresh fluid is induced into the inner compartment. Continued rotation then causes the articulation 12 of the outer vanes to recede from the sealing surface of the right hand outer vanes whereby the outer and inner portions of the space become one and the induction stroke continues until the port I l is again covered and the sequence of operations repeated.

Each compartment formed by successive pairs of vanes operates in like manner and in succession. The progressive delivery so obtained may be collected in an annular chamber, duct or pipe 14 and delivered at a common outlet, if desired, or each individual delivery may be utilized as required.

Rotation of the crank in an anti-clockwise direction may be adopted. In this case the sequence of operations is reversed in the sense that the valves at the periphery of the casing become the inlet valves, and the valves or ports uncovered by the vanes become the outlet valves. In this case the initial compression takes place between adjacent pairs of outer vanes and the easing wall and the final compression between adiacent pairs of the inner vanes.

To improve the balance, the casing may be subdivided transversely by division plates and the successive units coupled in such a manner that the crankpin masses tend to balance one another.

In an alternative form of the invention, the crank 9 may be fixed, and the casing I may be free to rotate about the axis of the crank, Within a stationary outer casing. In this form a fewer number of ports 'or valves may be used as the progressive nature of the delivery from successive compartments enables the discharge to take place through one or more fixed ports in the stationary outer casing during a limited single of rotation.

According to a further feature of the invention, a sleeve fixed to the crank or'geared thereto may be provided for controlling inlet or outlet ports in the peripheral wall of the casing.

The sleeve may be rotatable relative to the outer casing to permit timing of the period of inlet and outlet and variation of the degree of compression.

In Figures 2 and 3, a casing I5 is rotatably mounted about the axis of a crank l6, and the outer portions I! of articulated vanes are evenly spaced apart at the tips in the casing by pivot axes l8vfixed in the casing. The inner portions IQ of the vanes are articulated at 20 to the outer portion of the vanes and at the root ends are connected to a common crankpin 2| of the fixed crank l6. The crank web 22 of the fixed crank [6' forms a disc through which inlet ports 23 arecut.

Enclosing the rotary casing I5 is a fixed casing 24 provided with inlet or outlet ports 25, and interposed between the casing l5 and 24 is a sleeve 26 mounted within the outer casing so as to be rotatable relative thereto through a limited angle. This sleeve 26 is provided with a port 2'! so arranged that it can register with and vary the length of the port 25 of the outer casing 24. The sleeve may be rotated by means of a lever 28 or by other means.

In the operation of the arrangement illustrated, rotation of the casing I5 in an anti clockwise direction from the position shown causes the vanes successively to induce and compress the fiuid in the manner already described, and the delivery from each compartment takes place as ports 29 in the casing l5 in turn register with the ports 2'! of the sleeve and the ports 25 of the outer casing.

Operation of the sleeve 26 in an anti-clockwise direction from the position shown causes the ports 29 in the rotary casing to open later in relation to the stroke of the vanes so that the internal pressure is raised to a higher degree before delivery takes place.

The further construction shown in Figures 4 and 5 resembles that of Figure 1 in so far as the casing I is stationary and'that each of the working spaces indicated at 30 is provided with a non-return valve In leading into a common delivery chamber Id. The vanes which in this case are shown at 3! are in one piece and are secured at their outer ends to spindles 32 which pass through the end wall 33 of the casing I. They are there provided each with an arm 34 having at its inner end a pin and roller 35 which engages a cam groove 36 and acts as a 01- and feeds the casing I with the liquid or other fluid to be pumped. As each vane commences to move outwardly it coacts with the next succeeding vane and entraps some fluid which is thus forced outwardly through the corresponding delivery valve In as the vane assumes the outermost position in which it lies in circumferential engagement with the casing I. The outer casing or body 40 is provided with a common delivery passage 4|.

It will be understood that although the examples have been described with particular reference to pumps, the invention is applicable to fluid driven motors, as it is only necessary to feed the delivery passages with liquid or other fluid under pressure and arrange for the valves to be mechanically actuated. The improved fluid-displacing mechanism may further be utilized as an engine.

What I claim is:

l. A rotary fluid displacement mechanism'comprising a: substantially cylindrical casing, inlet and outlet fluid passages in the casing, acrank device adjacent one end of the casing, a plurality of inwardly directed vanes pivoted equidistantly around the periphery of the interior of the casing and connected to the crank device, a shaped surface forming atleast the outer half of one side of each vane, and an abutting portion on each vane adapted to coact slidingly with substantially the whole of the shaped surface of the next adjacent vane, the volume of the fluid chambers successively formed by coacting vanes and the'casing being thereby reduced from a maximum to sub.- stantially zero.

2. A rotary fluid displacement mechanism comprising a substantially cylindrical casing, inlet and outlet fluid passages in the casing, a crank device adjacentone end thereof, a plurality of inwardly directed vanes pivoted equidistantly around the periphery of the interior of the casing and connected to the crank device, a shaped surface forming substantially the whole of one side of each vane and an abutting portion'on each vane adapted to coact slidingly with substantially the whole of the shaped surface of the next adj'acent vane, the volume of the fluid chambers successively formed by coacting vanes and the casing being thereby reduced from a maximum to substantially zero.

3. A rotary fluid displacement mechanism comprising a substantially cylindrical casing, inlet and outlet fluid passages in the casing, a crank device adjacent one end thereof, a plurality of inwardly directed vanes pivoted equidistantly around the periphery of the interior of the casing and connected to the crank device, a-shaped surface forming substantially the whole of one side of each vane and an abutting portion constituted by the inner end of each vane which is adapted to coact slidingly with substantially the.

whole of the shaped surface of the next adjacent vane, to reduce the volume of each oi the fluid chambers successively formed by coacting varies and the casing from a maximum to substantially zero.

4-. A rotary fluid displacement mechanism comprising a substantially cylindrical casing, inlet and outlet fluid passages in the casing, a crank device adjacent one end thereof, a plurality of transverse spindles mounted equidis antly in the end'wa-ll's' of. the casing and adapted'to'be rocked by means of said crankdevice, a plurality of inwardly directed vanes each carried by one of said spindles, a shaped surface forming substantially" the Whole of one side of each vane and an abutting portion on each vane adapted to coact slidingly with substantially the whole of the shaped surface of the next adjacent vane, the volume of the fluid chambers successively formed by coacting vanes and the casing being thereby reduced from a maximum to substantially zero.

5. A rotary fiuid displacement mechanism comprising a substantially cylindrical casing, inlet and outlet fluid passages in the casing, a crank device adjacent one end of the casing, a plurality of inwardly directed articulated vanes pivoted equidistantly around the periphery of the interior of the casing and connected to the crank device, a shaped surface forming substantially the whole of one side of the outer member of each vane, and an abutting portion adjacent the joint portion of the vane members, the abutting portion of each vane being adapted to coact slidingly With substantially the Whole of the shaped surface of the outer member of the next adjacent vane so as to Vary the volume of each fluid. chamber, one

complete cycle of variation corresponding to 10 more than one revolution of the crank device.

LEONARD GEORGE SAVAGE. 

